If using raw potatoes, peel, chop, and boil them in salted water until tender, about 15 minutes.

Drain and mash the potatoes in a bowl until smooth with no lumps.

Add flour, grated onion, cheese (if using), beaten egg, salt, pepper, and garlic powder to the mashed potatoes; mix until the mixture holds together but remains slightly sticky.

With your hands, shape the potato mixture into small patties about 2-3 inches in diameter.

Heat oil in a skillet over medium heat until shimmering.

Carefully add the patties to the skillet in batches and fry for 4-5 minutes per side, or until golden brown and crispy.

Transfer the fried patties to a paper towel-lined plate to drain excess oil.

Serve the patties warm with your favorite dipping sauce, such as sour cream or spicy aioli.